![]() ![]() OA has traditionally been seen primarily as a disorder of the articular cartilage. In the United States alone, over 27 million adults are affected by OA and its prelevance is rising all the time. It is the most common form of arthritis and a significant factor in the public health of industrialized countries. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disorder characterized by the uneven and gradual degeneration of articular cartilage, joint pain, stiffness and loss of function in the absence of chronic autoimmune or autoinflammatory mechanisms. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: This study was financially supported by the Academy of Finland (project 127198), and strategic funding of the University of Oulu (project 24001200). Received: SeptemAccepted: FebruPublished: March 20, 2017Ĭopyright: © 2017 Aho et al. PLoS ONE 12(3):Įditor: Luc Malaval, Universite de Lyon, FRANCE Peripheral SpA - like psoriatic, reactive and IBD-associated arthritis - is located more in the peripheral skeleton.Citation: Aho O-M, Finnilä M, Thevenot J, Saarakkala S, Lehenkari P (2017) Subchondral bone histology and grading in osteoarthritis. SpA is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases associated with HLA-B27 (2).Īxial SpA - most commonly ankylosing spondylitis - is located more in the axial skeleton. When the inflammation is more in a distal distribution in the hands or feet with bone proliferation it suggests a seronegative spondyloarthropathy (SpA). Multiple symmetric joint inflammation in a proximal distribution in the hands or feet without bone proliferation suggests rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammation of a single joint should raise concern for infection. This is characterized by bone erosions, osteopenia, soft-tissue swelling and uniform, symmetric joint space loss. When findings are atypical (unusual combination of age, affected joint and severity) think of posttraumatic, CPPD, neuropathic or rare diseases like hemophilic arthritis. This is characterized by osteophytes and subchondral sclerosis with an asymmetric distribution both when you compare left and right as well as within the joint itself. In the presence of joint space narrowing, it is important to differentiate degenerative from inflammatory conditions. This flow chart shows the approach to the radiographic evaluation of arthritis. CRMO - chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. ![]() Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis.You can click on all images for an enlarged view. Secondary osteoarthritis can also be a sign of lowgrade progression of the original disease. Remember that secondary osteoarthritis can develop. If it is a follow up case, then check disease progression and look for new erosions.If it is not typical osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, then use the systematic approach in the first paragraph.Master yourself in diagnosing osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and remember the distinct features between these two entities.If it is the first examination, then try to make a differential diagnosis based on imaging findings as well as patient information and lab findings.When you start looking at arthritis cases, remember the following: Sometimes the abnormalities are pathognomonic for a specific disease, but more often the findings are non-specific because there is a lot of overlap between different joint diseases. A long list of diagnoses has to be considered when looking at X rays of the hand and feet, each with its own extensive set of findings. In this article we provide an overview of the different imaging findings of common joint diseases as a useful tool in daily musculoskeletal radiology.Īrthritis is a challenging topic. How to Differentiate Carotid Obstructions.TI-RADS - Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System.Esophagus II: Strictures, Acute syndromes, Neoplasms and Vascular impressions.Esophagus I: anatomy, rings, inflammation.Vascular Anomalies of Aorta, Pulmonary and Systemic vessels.Contrast-enhanced MRA of peripheral vessels.Ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System 2.0.Bi-RADS for Mammography and Ultrasound 2013.Transvaginal Ultrasound for Non-Gynaecological Conditions.Acute Abdomen in Gynaecology - Ultrasound.Appendicitis - Pitfalls in US and CT diagnosis. ![]()
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